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Roma (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion, Roma was a female deity who personified the city of Rome and more broadly, the Roman state.〔Mellor, 956.〕 Her image appears on the base of the column of Antoninus Pius.
==Problems in earliest attestation==
A helmeted figure on Roman coins of 280-276 and 265-242 BCE is sometimes interpreted as Roma but the identification is contestable.〔From "Sear Roman Coins & their Values (RCV 2000 Edition) #25" at www.wildwinds.com () (accessed 22 June 2009): but see Mellor, 974-5 for a more tentative approach to early helmeted figures: other possible identities have been speculated, such as Diana or the Trojan captive Rhome, who may be a mythic-poetic personification of Gk. ''rhome'' (strength). (For Rhome, see Hard, R., Rose, H.J., The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology, 2003, p586: limited preview available online: ().〕 Other early Roman coinage shows a warlike "Amazon" type, possibly Roma but more likely ''genius'' than ''dea''. Ennius personified the "Roman fatherland" as Roma: for Cicero, she was the "Roman state", but neither of these are ''dea'' Roma.〔Mellor, 963, 1004-5.〕 Though her Roman ancestry is possible - perhaps merely her name and the ideas it evoked - she emerges as a Greek deity.
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